The period between July and August 2026 was characterised by new conflict-driven internal displacements in the regencies Yahukimo, Intan Jaya, and Paniai. Updated information on the situation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Oksop and the Puncak Regency over the same period describe ongoing displacements due to heavy military presence, ongoing security operations, and little or no humanitarian access for IDPs sheltering in forests and host communities. As of late August 2026, more than 127.031 civilians across multiple regencies in West Papua remained internally displaced due to military operations and armed conflict (see table below).
July and August 2026 also marked the first time the Indonesian central government publicly put a figure on conflict-related displacement in West Papua. On 7 July, Deputy Minister for Human Rights Mugiyanto Sipin said preliminary data indicated around 122,000 IDPs. Komnas HAM’s mid-year report, presented on 14–15 July, similarly estimated more than 100,000 IDPs, citing the Papuan Council of Churches (107,000) and the Ministry (122,000), while acknowledging it has no precise data of its own. Komnas HAM Commissioner Atnike Nova Sigiro explained that most Papuan IDPs stay with relatives rather than in camps, making them hard to count. The majority of IDPs originate from Puncak, Intan Jaya, Nduga and Maybrat, and live scattered across West Papua in the towns of Jayapura, Mimika, Nabire, Wamena and Sorong. Komnas HAM warned that repeated displacement is producing violations of the rights to life, security, work, health, education, housing and food, with many IDPs struggling to find food at their places of refuge.
On 16 July 2026, eight church bodies grouped in the Indonesian Christian Community Forum (FUKRI, including PGI and KWI) issued a joint statement in Jakarta describing West Papua as facing a structural humanitarian crisis, criticising the expansion of non-organic troops, new defence installations and militarised national strategic projects, and calling for a comprehensive evaluation of security policy, protection of thousands of IDPs, unhindered space for church humanitarian work, and dialogue as the only dignified path to peace. The chairman of DPD committee III, Mr Filep Wamafma, argued on 8 July that conflict IDPs, unlike disaster victims, have widely been ignored by the central government and warned that a traumatised generation of displaced children could fuel future state resistance.
Komnas HAM stepped up its push for a cross-government response. On 10 August, Commissioner Saurlin Siagian told the Ministry of Social Affairs that Central Papua remained in a “dynamic emergency,” with 12 people killed in recent shootings and an estimated 124,931 IDPs needing food, clothing and healthcare. He urged inter-ministerial collaboration and corporate social-responsibility funding. Deputy Minister Agus Jabo Priyono stated that the ministry had so far delivered Rp150 million in food and clothing to 1,013 IDPs in Puncak plus compensation to the dead and injured, while further aid depended on local governments submitting proposals with IDP data.
During a visit to Nabire on 16–17 August, Human Rights Minister Natalius Pigai insisted that reporting on IDPs must be evidence-based, complaining that NGO, church and community figures vary widely and amount to “speculation”. He argued that valid data would help to accelerate government aid for housing, resettlement and livelihood support. On19 August, Velix Wanggai, chair of the Papua Executive Committee for accelerating Special Autonomy development, met Komnas HAM leadership and the Regent of Nduga. Following the meeting, he announced that displacement in Nduga, Intan Jaya, Pegunungan Bintang, Puncak and Maybrat would be handled jointly across ministries under the Committee’s coordination. A comprehensive census of Nduga IDPs in Jayawijaya, Mimika, Lanny Jaya and elsewhere is being prepared, along with a 2026–2029 roadmap covering housing, infrastructure, education, health, food aid and social protection. Wanggai also said the Committee is preparing a dialogue on the IDP issue, opening talks with strategic groups on ending armed violence. Whether these commitments translate into assistance on the ground remains to be seen.
Yahukimo
The Yahukimo Regency, Highlands Papua Province, saw a sharp escalation of armed conflict and displacement in July and August 2026, centred on the Korowai area on the border between Boven Digoel and Pegunungan Bintang regencies. In addition, increasing armed violence in Dekai town and military deployments to the Sobaham district in late July 2026, reportedly caused indigenous Papuans to flee their homes. The troop deployments followed the execution of American pilot Nicholas F. Gosselin by members of the West Papua National Liberation Army (TPNPB) on 2 July 2026.
According to local informants, new displacements occurred on 15 July 2026, when four military helicopters deployed troops to Balinggama village, Sobaham District, causing residents to flee into remote forest areas without food. About 500 indigenous people reportedly fled to the Manggelum District and the area around the Wage Lake in Boven Digoel Regency due to fear of security operations.
More internal displacements reportedly occurred on 19 July, as TPNPB fighters opened fire on joint security forces in Dekai. Thereupon security forces reportedly conducted search operations in the Brasa residential complex of Dekai on 20–22 July, allegedly shooting at houses and livestock and spreading fear among the local community (see photos below, source: independent HRD).
The most significant internal displacement wave in the reporting period took place in the Korowai area. On 22 July, joint security forces launched combined ground and air security operations causing more displacements in the Korowai area. Two civilians were reportedly shot dead by security force personnel on 22 July, with operations still ongoing until 2 August 2026. According to local reports, about 600 indigenous Papuans from the affected settlements fled into the forest, scattering toward Boven Digoel, Pegunungan Bintang, Asmat and Mappi regencies. The exact number of IDPs remain unknow.
Mr Victor Bahabol, a 16-year-old Yali junior secondary pupil from Wanim village (Lolat district), reportedly died on 29 July while fleeing toward Boven Digoel. His body was buried in the forest along the route. As of 21 August, tribal chiefs, churches and activists were still searching for and gathering scattered residents, including at least nine pregnant women and several young children. Video material of IDPs from Korowai recorded in the Tanah Merah, Boven Digoel Regency, indicate that at least one additional IDP had passed away (see video below, source: independent HRD). Field reports indicated that many IDPs had fallen ill as a result of the stresses they experienced during displacement. Reports from 18 August warn that lack of healthcare in the forest camps has resulted in further deaths.
Local sources underlined that IDPs from Korowai have received no assistance from national humanitarian organisations such as the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI). On 21 August 2026, the Evangelical Church in Papua (GKI-TP) together with the Evangelical Church in Indonesia (GIDI) distributed relief goods to IDPs in Dekai. Community groups have urged the state to halt operations in populated areas, withdraw security forces from the Korowai area to allow independent and international humanitarian aid, and have the Yahukimo regency government assess conditions in Korowai, Dekai, Jalan Gunung and Suru-suru.
IDPs from the Brasa residential complex, Dekai District, gather in Dekai town on 22 July 2026 (see video on top, source: independent HRD) after security forces raided their homes and shot dead a domesticated pig (see photos below, source: independent HRD)
IDPs from the Korowai area, Yahukimo Regency, hide in the forest or sought safety in neighbouring regencies after security forces conducted combined ground and air security operations on 22 July 2026 (source: independent HRD)
GKI and GIDI church workers distribute relief supplies to IDPs at Jl Gunung in Dekai District, 21 August 2026
Intan Jaya
New internal displacements reportedly occurred on 2 August in the Ugimba District. The TPNPB claimed in a 7 August statement that military operations between 3 and 7 August were accompanied by repeated firefights forcing hundreds of indigenous Papuans to flee into the forest and to Sugapa town. The TPNPB framed the operations as part of the government’s hidden agenda to clear the way for gold exploitation in the Wabu Block. Local accounts from 7 August described Ugimba residents seeking shelter in the Mbilundoga Village, Sugapa town, or forest caves. On 16 August, Wanibugi Village in Ugimba was reported empty after residents fled, while TNI Habema Task Force personnel deployed additional TNI personnel for 17 August Independence Day commemorations.
Following a field mission from 3–5 July, Komnas HAM confirmed that a series of violent incidents between May and July drove around 3,000 people from Agisiga and Hitadipa districts to the regency capital Sugapa, where they are being sheltered by host families and the local government. Triggers included a suspected drone attack on civilians in Agisiga, civilian fatalities during firefights between security forces and the TPNPB, and new military operations in Agasiga, Sugapa and Hitadipa between mid-May and late July 2026. On 5 July, the police-led Operation Damai Cartenz reportedly distributed 150 presidential food parcels and ran trauma-healing sessions at a camp in Agisiga hosting people from Mbamogo, Soali, Tousiga and Danggoa villages. While few villagers decided to return home, most remain in evacuation sites, without access to housing, livelihoods, health, and schooling. Moreover, Komnas HAM assessed the deaths of two civilians Mr Okto Tigau and Mrs Melkiana Duwitau as violations of the right to life and freedom from torture.
In press release No. 28/HM.00/VII/2026 (15 July), Komnas HAM urged the President, TNI Commander, Police Chief, and Central Papua Governor to support the Intan Jaya Regent in restoring security and basic services in Sugapa, Agisiga and Hitadipa, to conduct an official census of affected households as well as vulnerable groups and asked the Ministry of Social Affairs to deliver logistical, health and psychosocial aid. The central government has not issued a formal response to the press release.
The Intan Jaya Regency in Central Papua Province has become a hotspot of protracted armed conflict between Indonesian security forces and the TPNPB since 2019. On 23 July 2026, the Intan Jaya Student and Youth Movement (GPMI-I) presented data on armed conflict to the Central Papua provincial parliament (DPRP). According to GPMI-I, the regency is now ringed by 33 military posts (6 organic, 27 non-organic), many near villages, schools, clinics and government offices. GPMI-I claims that since 2019 at least 8,898 residents fled their villages to Timika, Nabire, Paniai or continue living in semi-permanent shelters in the forest. 77 civilians have reportedly been killed or injured. Only 7 of 59 schools are functioning, while the Sugapa Community Health Centre remains the only functional health facility out of seven.
GPMI-I and the Anti-Militarism and Investment Front lodged a formal complaint with Komnas HAM in Jakarta on 24 July, and called for a peaceful protest on 30 July with backing from LBH Jakarta, YLBHI and Amnesty International Indonesia. Their core demands included the formation of a provincial investigation team into various cases of alleged human rights violations, such as the shooting of a pregnant woman on 2 July 2026 and the killing of Papuan pastor, Rev Elianus Agimbau, on 29 June 2026. They urged the central government to refrain from the security-based approach and instead pursue a peaceful dialogue between all conflict actors.
IDPs from the Ugimba District seek shelter in a neighbouring village in Intan Jaya, early August 2026
IDPs from the villages Danggoa, Mbamogo, Soali, and Tausiga seek shelter in the town of Sugapa in early July’26, following the killing of Papuan pastor Rev Elianus Agimbau on 29 June 2026
Paniai Regency
A smaller displacement wave occurred in Paniai Regency, Central Papua Province on 12 August 2026, when an exchange of fire and pursuit between TNI troops and TPNPB fighters drove civilians out of the Totiyo Village in Teluk Deya District. Local sources confirmed the displacements after the armed clash, without elaborating on the number of IDPs. No official figures, government response or aid deliveries have been reported so far.
Villagers from Totiyo Village in Teluk Deya District, reportedly fled their homes following a firefight between security forces and TPNPB members on 12 August 2026
Puncak Regency
On 2 August 2026, DPD Deputy Chair, Mr Yorrys Raweyai, visited three districts in Puncak Regency, Central Papua Province. He reported that hundreds of people remain displaced by the conflict, mainly from the districts of Yugumuak, Oneri, Agandugume and Lambewi. According to his statement on 4 August, the IDPs have lost their livelihoods and access to their gardens, their children cannot attend school properly, and they are unable to return home because the situation has not stabilised.
Mr Raweyai also noted that the growing number of non-organic security forces is prolonging the community’s trauma. He added that the Special Committee would use its field findings to formulate recommendations after the parliamentary recess. This DPD visit follows Komnas HAM’s earlier monitoring of Puncak IDPs scattered across Mimika, Nabire, Ilaga and Gome, which identified at least 506 displaced persons in Mimika and Nabire, and thousands more in the conflict area, with overcrowded shelters, food shortages and lack of access to education.
Oksob District, Pegunungan Bintang Regency
As of the end of July 2026, the humanitarian situation in Oksop District, Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Highland Papua Province, remained unresolved, with part of the population still displaced since early December 2024. Some residents fled the Oksop District to the regency capital Oksibil, while others continue living in semi-permanent shelters in the forest. The IDPs have not returned because they consider the security situation in their villages unsecure due to the ongoing heavy military presence.
TNI personnel remain deployed in the district with regular rotations and reinforcements, occupying the GIDI Efesus Sape Church and guarding the Oksop District Office. According to local sources, the three villages Mimin, Alutbakon and Atenar remain abandoned after security forces burnt several residential houses to the ground. IDPs from Oksob have reportedly been pressured by TNI members and local village leaders to return to their villages. TNI personnel are said to have renovated the Efesus Save Church without consulting GIDI leadership, prompting the congregation to build a temporary place of worship away from the military post.
The local government in Pegunungan Bintang has not officially recognised the existence of IDPs from the Oksop District. Accordingly, IDPs sheltering in Oksibil have received neither protection nor adequate assistance. Education is not functioning normally, health services are disrupted with very limited access to treatment, and economic activity has halted. Displaced families struggle to obtain food, clothing, essential medication, and basic necessities, with elderly and children suffering the most under these conditions.
The church and community list immediate needs such as food staples (especially salt and cooking oil), shelter materials (tents, blankets, cloth, corrugated iron, nails), essential medicines and first-aid supplies, adult and baby clothing, soap and hygiene kits, sanitary products, and tools for building temporary shelters. IDPs have called upon the local government to build a temporary shelter that should be placed under the protection of the church or a trusted civil organisation, together with emergency education for children and health services for vulnerable groups. On 26 August 2026, the STT Walter Post Study Centre in Sentani reportedly collected medical supplies and other relief goods for delivery to the IDPS from Oksob.
IDPs in from the Oksob District continue living in semi-permanent shelters in the forest without humanitarian access and government support, August 2026
IDPs across West Papua, Indonesia, as of 31 August 2026
| Regency | No IDPs | Displaced since | Additional info |
| Nduga [2] | 58,981 | 4 Dec. 18 | IDPs originate from 11 districts in Nduga; more than 615 IDPs reportedly died as of January 2022. New displacements were reported from the Yugur District on 18 January 2025 |
| Puncak [3] | 2,724 | 27 Apr. 21 | At least 16 IDPs have reportedly died during displacement |
| > 3,000 | 3 Juni 24 | 900 households from the districts of Agandugume and Oneri fled their villages | |
| Intan Jaya [4] | 12,859 | 31 March 25 | At least 126 IDPs face health issues, and 11 IDPs reportedly died |
| Maybrat [5] | 2,800 | 2 Sep. 21 | Remaining IDPs originated from districts South East Aifat, Far East Aifat, and two villages in the Middle-East Aifat District; 138 IDPs reportedly died, |
| Pegunungan Bintang (Kiwirok District) [6] | 752 | 10 Oct. 21 | About 200 IDPs fled to PNG, 96 IDPs reportedly died in the camps as of April’25, and dozens of IDPs suffered from sickness. |
| Yahukimo (Suru-Suru District) [7] | > 800 | 20 Nov. 21 | IDPs from 13 villages sought shelter in 15 temporary camps, 16 women gave birth without medical attention, and 13 IDPs reportedly died. |
| Yahukimo (Dekai District) [8] | 554 | 21 Aug. 23 | 13 people were sick; one died, and two females were killed |
| Pegunungan Bintang (Oksop District) [9] | 4,584 | 08 Dec. 24 | The IDPs originate from Mimin, Alutbakon, Atenar, Oksop, and Oktumi villages. At least eight IDPs passed away in camps between late December ’24 and mid-June’25 |
| Nduga (Kroptak District) [10] | 2,000 | 7 Dec. 24 | First counts mentioned 65 toddlers, eight pregnant women, five severely ill individuals, and 15 elderly persons. |
| Teluk Bintuni (Moskona Barat District) [11] | N/A | 15 Jan 25 | One woman reportedly died in the forest during displacement |
| Nduga (Mebarok District) [12] | N/A | 18 Jan 25 | Residents from at least nine villages fled into the forests |
| Puncak (Districts Pogoma, Sinak, Kembru & Bina) [13] | > 2,000 | 12 Feb 25 | IDPs originate from the districts of Pogoma, Sinak, Bina, and Kembru |
| Yahukimo (Districts Angguruk & Hereapini) [14] | N/A | 24 March 25 | N/A |
| Yahukimo (Districts Dekai and Seradala) [15] | 71 | 11 April 25 | composed of 13 women, 17 men, 2 infants, 20 children, and 19 young women. |
| Jayawijaya (Maima District) [16] | N/A | 9 June 25 | N/A |
| Intan Jaya (Hitadipa, Sugapa, and Agisiga) [17] | 6.375 | 30 March & 18 June 25 | The affected villages are Zanamba, Jaindapa, Sugapa Lama, Titigi, Ndugusiga, Hitadipa, and Soagama. About 900 IDPs returned on 27 June 2025 |
| Puncak (Pogoma, Bina & Sinak Barat) [18] | hundreds | 07 May 25 | IDPs sought refuge in the Sinak District |
| Puncak (Gome & Gome Utara) [19] | N/A | 22 May 25 | IDPs from Mundirok Walen Karu, Tobanggi, and Ilanggume sought refuge in Inggernok, Kagago 1, Kagago 2, Ilaga Town, and at the Puncak Regent’s residence in Gome. |
| Puncak (Yugumuak) [20] | hundreds | 18 June 25 | N/A |
| Puncak (Omukia) [21] | hundreds | 24 June 25 | N/A |
| Puncak Jaya (Lumo) [22] | N/A | 11 August 25 | Security forces reportedly burnt residential houses in Lumo Village to the ground. |
| Intan Jaya (Suugapa) [23] | > 1,000 | 16 August 25 | IDPs originate from villages Eknemba, Kusage, Taitawa, Ndugupa, Molemba, and Zoanbili in the Sugapa District. |
| Yahukimo (Sumo) [24] | 1,890 | 15 August 25 | N/A |
| Intan Jaya (Hitadipa) [25] | >145 | 11 September 25 – 15 October 25 | IDPs originate from villages Bulapa, Gamagae, Yuwaitapa, Yoparu, Galunggama, Soanggama, Janamba, and Kulapa. |
| Teluk Bintuni (Moskona Utara & Moskona Utara Jauh) [26] | 238 | 18 October 25 | IDPs originate from villages Moyeba Satu, Mesum, Meven, Inovina, and Mosror |
| Lanny Jaya (Melagi) [27] | 2,300 | 5 October 25 | IDPs originate from Wunabugu Village and the surrounding areas |
| Yahukimo (Dekia) [28] | 222 | 31 October 25 | IDPs originate from villages Domon 1 and Domon 2 |
| Mimika (Jila) [29] | > 1,700 | 1 Nov & 10 Dec 25 | IDPs originate from the Jila District |
| Yahukimo (Dekai) [30] | 83 | 12 Nov 25 | IDPs originate from the Jl Gunung Area. Two IDPs reportedly died during displacement. |
| Intan Jaya (Sugapa) [31] | hundreds | 7 Nov 25 | N/A |
| Puncak (Kembru) [32] | hundreds | 22 Jan 26 | N/A |
| Intan Jaya (Sugapa) [33] | N/A | 1 March 26 | N/A |
| Mimika (Tembaggapura) [34] | > 1,000 | 5 March 26 | IDPs included infants, young children, pregnant women and the elderly |
| Puncak (Beoga) [35] | 61 | 8 March 26 | N/A |
| Nabire (Nabire) [36] | N/A | 8 March 26 | N/A |
| Tambrauw (Fef & Bamusbama) [37] | hundreds | 18 March 26 | N/A |
| Boven Digoel (Manggelum, Friwage) [38] | >204 | 1 June 26 | IDPs fled to main town Tanah Merah |
| Puncak (Pgoma, Kembru, Magebume Omukia) [39] | 14,003 | 19 April 26 | IDPs are scattered in the districts Bina and Sinak District, the regencies Nabire, the Mimika, and Jayapura |
| Intan Jaya (Agasiga) [40] | N/A | 19 May 26 | IDPs fled to Sugapa town, while others keep hiding in forest shelters |
| Mimika (Tembagapura) [41] | >1,000 | 8 May 26 | Police evacuated 256 IDPs who had sheltered in the Kali Kabur area |
| Jayawijaya (Woma) [42] | 789 | 15 May 26 | N/A |
| Intan Jaya (Agasiga, Sugapa) [43] | >3,000 | 26 June 26 | IDPs originate form the villages Nabuni, Tigitage, Tausiga, Danggoa, Tausiga, Danggoa, Jamulogo, and Tigitagaee—scattering into forests, Sugapa town, and the Puncak/ Tembagapura regency border |
| [44] Yahukimo (Sobaham) | 500 | 15 July 26 | IDPs fled to the Manggelum District and the area around the Wage Lake in Boven Digoel Regency |
| [45] Regencies Yahukimo Pegunungan Bintang, Boven Digoel (Korowai area) | 600 | 22 July 26 | At least two IDPs died during displacement |
| [46] Intan Jaya (Ugimba) | N/A | 2 August 26 | IDPs reportedly sought shelter in the Mbilundoga Village, Sugapa town, and forest caves |
| [47] Paniai | N/A | 12 August 26 | N/A |
| T O T A L | > 127.031 | ||
[1] The term ‘West Papua’ in this paper refers to the western half of New Guinea Island, composed of the Indonesian provinces of Papua, Papua Pegunungan, Papua Tengah, Papua Selatan, Papua Barat, and Papua Barat Daya
[2] Compiled by a group of Papuan human rights defenders who visited IDPs from Nduga in the town of Wamena and surrounding areas between 12 and 20 July 2023
[3] Jubi (9.11.2021): SORAKPATOK: 300 tewas dan 50 ribu warga Papua mengungsi, available at: https://jubi.co.id/sorakpatok-300-tewas-dan-50-ribu-warga-papua-mengungsi/&
Jubi (12.07.2024): 500 KK dari Distrik Agandugume dan Oneri, sudah sebulan lebih mengungsi di Sinak, available at: https://jubi.id/polhukam/2024/500-kk-dari-distrik-agandugume-dan-oneri-sudah-sebulan-lebih-mengungsi-di-sinak/
[4] Independent HRDs in INtan Jaya, April 2025. CNN Indonesia (30.10.2021): Ribuan Warga Papua Mengungsi Usai Pecah Kontak Senjata, available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20211030195433-12-714496/ribuan-warga-papua-mengungsi-usai-pecah-kontak-senjata
[5] Report received from local HRD following an investigation to Maybrat in late October 2025
[6] Data on total IDPs and deaths were updated by church workers visiting IDP camps in Pegunungan Bintang in April 2025.
[7] The number is based on data compiled by local church workers. The information was received in February 2022
[8] The number is based on a name list that human rights defenders in Dekai compiled in September 2023
[9] Based on updated information collected by the GIDI Church and local informants in November 2025. HRM received the data in mid-December 2025
[10] Based on data collected by human rights defenders in Kroptak. HRM received the reports on 18.12.2024
[11] Based on media information published on 13 January 2025 and information collected from local human rights defenders received on 19 January 2025
[12] Based on media information published on 26 February 2025
[13] Based on media information published on 14 February 2025 and information collected from local human rights defenders received between 11 and 19 February 2025
[14] Based on information from local informants and media information published on 23 March 2025
[15] Suara Papua (11.04.2025): Dikabarkan Sebanyak 71 Warga Sipil Mengungsi ke Kota Dekai, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2025/04/11/dikabarkan-sebanyak-71-warga-sipil-mengungsi-ke-kota-dekai/
[16] Nolen Wene (16.06.2025): Baru Mengungsi Karena Banjir Masyarakat Di Wamena Mengungsi Lagi Akibat Rentetan Tembakan, available at: https://nokenwene.com/2025/06/10/baru-mengungsi-karena-banjir-masyarakat-di-wamena-mengungsi-lagi-akibat-rentetan-tembakan/
[17] HRM received the data on IDPs from two local sources on 5 April 2025 and Nabire.NET (05.04.2025): Bupati Intan Jaya Salurkan Bantuan Sembako Ke Pengungsi Di Distrik Hitadipa, available at: https://www.nabire.net/bupati-intan-jaya-salurkan-bantuan-sembako-ke-pengungsi-di-distrik-hitadipa/;informatio & updated information published by Jubi on 30 June 2025
[18] HRM received the data on IDPs from two local sources between 8 and 18 May 2025
[19] HRM received the data on IDPs from two local sources between 22 and 28 May 2025, and Papua Daily.Com (24.05.2025) Warga dua kampung di Puncak mengungsi pasca penembakan warga sipil, available at: https://www.papuadaily.com/warga-dua-kampung-di-puncak-mengungsi-pasca-penembakan-warga-sipil/?fbclid=
[20] Papua Bangkit.com (22.06.2025): Sekda Nenu Tabuni Serahkan Santunan Korban Penembakan di Yugumuak dan Bantuan Beras Kepada Pengungsi Sinak – Papua Bangkit available at: https://papuabangkit.com/2025/06/22/sekda-nenu-tabuni-serahkan-santunan-korban-penembakan-di-yugumuak-dan-bantuan-beras-kepada-pengungsi-sinak/ & information received from local informants
[21] Suara Papua (24.06.2024): Operasi Militer Dua Hari, Banyak Rumah Warga Sipil di Distrik Omukia Terbakar, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2025/06/24/operasi-militer-dua-hari-banyak-rumah-warga-sipil-di-distrik-omukia-terbakar/ & information received from local informants
[22] Kabar Gunung.com (11.08.2025): Operasi Kolonial Militer Indonesia TNI-Polri Terhadap Warga Sipil di Distrik Lumo, Kabupaten Puncak Jaya, Papua Tengah, available at: https://kabargunung.com/konfilik-tni-polri-dan-wpa/operasi-kolonial-militer-indonesia-tni-polri-terhadap-warga-sipil-di-distrik-lumo-kabupaten-puncak-jaya-papua-tengah/ & information received from local informants
[23] Jelata News (17.08.2025): https://jelatanewspapua.com/breaking-news-operasi-militer-dan-penembakan-di-intan-jaya-masyarakat-dua-kampung-mengungsi-ke-hutan/ &
Kabar Gunung (16.08.2025): Kamera Drone Gantung Bom, Pasukan Darat TNI-Polri Kerahkan Kekuatan Besar di Eknemba Zoanbili Kabupaten Intan Jaya Papua Tengah, available at: https://kabargunung.com/ulmwp/kamera-drone-gantung-bom-pasukan-darat-tni-polri-kerahkan-kekuatan-besar-di-eknemba-zoanbili-kabupaten-intan-jaya-papua-tengah/ & information received from local informants
[24] Information received from local informants
[25] Information received from local informants
[26] Information received from local informants & Suara Papua (22.10.2025): 209 Warga Moskona di Bintuni Mengungsi ke Hutan, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2025/10/22/209-warga-moskona-di-bintuni-mengungsi-ke-hutan/
[27] Information received from local NGO & Tribun News (24.10.2025): 2.000 Pengungsi Lanny Jaya Tolak Pulang Sebelum TNI Ditarik dari Kampung, available at: https://papua.tribunnews.com/news/120302/2000-pengungsi-lanny-jaya-tolak-pulang-sebelum-tni-ditarik-dari-kampung.
[28] Based on information from local informants
[29] Information received from local HRDs and media information published on 18 November 2025 and 12 December 25
[30] Information received from local HRDs
[31] Information received from local HRDs
[32] Information received from local informants &Tiruu.com (21.02.2026): Bupati Puncak Salurkan Bantuan Sembako untuk Pengungsi di Puncak Jaya, available at: https://tiiruu.com/2026/02/21/bupati-puncak-salurkan-bantuan-sembako-untuk-pengungsi-di-puncak-jaya/ &
Suara Papua (18.02.2026): SD YPPGI Milawak Jadi Pos Militer, TPNPB: Stop Tumbalkan Pelajar!, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2026/02/18/sd-yppgi-milawak-jadi-pos-militer-tpnpb-stop-tumbalkan-pelajar/
[33] Based on information from local informants
[34] Information received from local informants & Suara Papua ()3.03.2026): Tiga Warga Sipil di Tembagapura Tewas, Ribuan Orang Mengungsi, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2026/03/03/tiga-warga-sipil-di-tembagapura-tewas-ribuan-orang-mengungsi/
[35] Based on information from local informants
[36] Based on information from local informants
[37] Based on information from local informants and Suara Papua (20.03.2026): Usai 12 Orang Ditangkap, Warga Tambrauw Dilaporkan Mengungsi, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2026/03/20/usai-12-orang-ditangkap-warga-tambrauw-dilaporkan-mengungsi/
[38] CNN Indonesia (7.06.2026): 104 Warga Distrik Manggelum Papua Selatan Mengungsi Buntut Teror KKB, available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20260607173518-12-1366394/104-warga-distrik-manggelum-papua-selatan-mengungsi-buntut-teror-kkb &
Seputar Papua (7.06.2026): Takut Kehadiran KKB, Ratusan Warga Kembali Mengungsi ke Ibu Kota Boven Digoel, available at: https://seputarpapua.com/view/takut-kehadiran-kkb-ratusan-warga-kembali-mengungsi-ke-ibu-kota-boven-digoel.html
[39] Investigation reports compiled by YKKMP & joint investigation team, Komnas HAM press release 13/HM.00/IV/2026, and various Media articles
[40] Based on information from local informants and Suara Papuza (26.05.2026): Granat di Gereja Tewaskan Warga, TNI dan TPNPB Harus Menjauh, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2026/05/26/granat-di-gereja-tewaskan-warga-tni-dan-tpnpb-harus-menjauh/ &
Jelata News (18.05.2026): Serangan Udara di Gereja Katolik Intan Jaya Picu Korban Sipil dan Gelombang Pengungsian, available at: https://jelatanewspapua.com/serangan-udara-di-gereja-katolik-intan-jaya-picu-korban-sipil-dan-gelombang-pengungsian/
[41] Based on information from local sources & Nadi Papua (10.05.2026): Baru Selesai Ujian Sekolah, Narlince Wamang Tewas Ditembak dalam Operasi Militer di Mile 69-71, available at: https://nadipapua.com/post-baru-selesai-ujian-sekolah-narlince-wamang-tewas-ditembak-dalam-operasi-militer-di-mile-6971-1464, &
Suara Papua (08.05.2026): Nalince Wamang Tewas Tertembak Saat Cari Uang Hendak Lanjut Kuliah, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2026/05/09/nalince-wamang-tewas-tertem bak-saat-cari-uang-hendak-lanjut-kuliah/
[42] Suara Papua (22.05.2026): DPRK Yahukimo Salurkan Bantuan bagi Warga Pengungsi Konflik Wouma, available at: https://suarapapua.com/2026/05/22/dprk-yahukimo-salurkan-bantuan-bagi-warga-pengungsi-konflik-wouma/ &
CNN Indonesia (18.05.2026): Wamena Mencekam: Perang Suku Tewaskan 13 Orang, 789 Mengungsi, available at: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20260518093036-12-1359459/wamena-mencekam-perang-suku-tewaskan-13-orang-789-mengungsi
[43] Based on information from local sources, NGO reports, &
BBC Indonesia (4.07.2026): Pendeta, ibu hamil, dan bayi di kandungan tewas ditembak dalam hari-hari penuh kekerasan konflik bersenjata di Intan Jaya, Papua – ‘Kakak sudah kena peluru, adik harus cari keselamatan’, available at: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/ce375xpzkjdo &
Odiyaiwuu.com (10.07.2026): Komnas HAM Papua Sebut Konflik Bersenjata di Intan Jaya Berujung 3.000 Warga Mengungsi, available at: https://www.odiyaiwuu.com/komnas-ham-papua-sebut-konflik-bersenjata-di-intan-jaya-berujung-3-000-warga-mengungsi/
[44] Based on information from local sources
[45] Based on information from local sources & BBC Indonesia (04.08.2026): Operasi militer di Yahukimo, ratusan warga mengungsi ke hutan, available at https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c1l1q8200m0o &
Jubi (22.08.2026): Warga Korowai di pengungsian butuh makanan dan layanan kesehatan, available at: https://jubi.id/polhukam/2026/warga-korowai-di-pengungsian-butuh-makanan-dan-layanan-kesehatan/
[46] Based on information from local sources & Suara.com (20.08.2026): Ketakutan Diserbu TNI, Warga 4 Kampung di Intan Jaya Terpaksa Mengungsi ke Hutan, available at: https://www.suara.com/news/2026/08/20/104616/ketakutan-dan-trauma-warga-4-kampung-di-intan-jaya-disebut-terpaksa-mengungsi-ke-hutan
[47] Based on information from local sources
